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(1922 - 1951)
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¦À¡Ä¢‰ ¸Å¢»÷, º¢Ú¸¨¾ô À¨¼ôÀ¡Ç¢, Àò¾¢Ã¢¨¸Â¡Ç÷. 1922 ¬õ ¬ñÎ À¢Èó¾ ¦¼ÎäŠ À§Ã¡ùŠ¸¢, ÓôÀÐ ÅÂÐܼ ¬¸¢Â¢Õ측¾ ¿¢¨Ä¢ø, 1951 ¬õ ¬ñÎ ƒ¥¨Ä 1 ¬õ §¾¾¢ ¾ü¦¸¡¨Ä ¦ºöЦ¸¡ñ¼¡÷. ­¾ü¸¡É ¸¡Ã½õ ºÃ¢ÅÃò ¦¾Ã¢ÂÅ¢ø¨Ä; ±É¢Ûõ ­¾¢ø §º¡Å¢ÂòÐõ ¦ƒ÷ÁÉ¢Ôõ ¸½¢ºÁ¡É ÀíÌ Å¸¢ò¾¢Õ츢ýÈÉ ±ýÀ¾¢ø ºó§¾¸Á¢ø¨Ä.

§º¡Å¢Âò labour camp ­ø «Åâý ¦Àü§È¡÷ ÀÄ ÅÕ¼í¸¨Çì ¸Æ¢ò¾É÷. ¦ƒ÷Áý ¬ì¸¢ÃÁ¢ôÀ¢ý§À¡Ð Á¢¸ §Á¡ºÁ¡É ¾¨ÄÁ¨È× Å¡ú쨸¨Â ±¾¢÷¦¸¡ñ¼ À§Ã¡ùŠ¸¢, À¢ýÉ÷ ¨¸ôÀüÈôÀðΠŨ¾ Ó¸¡Á¢ø (concentration camp) ­Ãñ¼¡ñθû 1943-45 ­Õì¸ §¿Ã¢ð¼Ð.

¯Ö츢¦ÂÎìÌõ ­ÅÃÐ ¸¨¾¸û 'This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen' (Penguin) ±ýÈ ¾¨ÄôÀ¢ø Òò¾¸Á¡¸ ¦ÅÇ¢ Åó¾¢Õ츢ýÈÉ. À§Ã¡ùŠ¸¢¨Âô ¦À¡Úò¾Å¨Ã, Ũ¾Ó¸¡õ ±ýÀÐ ´Õ ¯ÕÁ¡¾¢Ã¢. ¦ÅÇ¢ ¯Ä¸Óõ Á¢¸ô ¦À⧾¡÷ Ũ¾ Ó¸¡Á¡¸§Å ­Õ츢ÈÐ. ¦ÅÇ¢ ¯Ä¸¢ý º¸ƒÁ¡É§¾¡÷ À̾¢Â¡¸§Å 'Ũ¾ Ó¸¡õ' ­Õ츢ÈÐ. ¯Õ Á¡¾¢Ã¢Â¡É Ũ¾ Ó¸¡Á¢ø ¿¨¼¦ÀÚõ ¯¨È ¨Åì¸¢È ´Õ ºõÀŧÁ '­Ã× ¯½×.'